The History Of Bonsai
Bonsai
Indonesian From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This art includes various cutting techniques and pruning plants, wiring (the formation of branches and branches of trees by wrapping the wire or bend them with wire ties), as well as making the roots spread on the rock . Bonsai-making takes a long time and involve a variety of jobs, such as the provision of fertilizer , pruning, plant establishment, watering, and replacement of pots and soil. Plants or trees dwarfed by cutting roots and branches. Tree is formed with the help of wire on twigs and shoots. Wire must be taken before they could scratch the skin of the tree branches. Plants are living things , and nothing can be said bonsai finished or finished. Continuous changes that occur in plants as the season or natural state is one of the attractions of bonsai.
Table of contents
Type
The most common tree species dibonsai is pine . Types of plants and trees are used to classify the types of bonsai: [1]- Bonsai tree of pine and oak : pine , Chinese fir , spruce thorns , toothpick , and others.
- Bonsai tree fruit to enjoy the beauty of the fruit ( Ilex serrata , persimmon , Chaenomeles sinensis , apple mini, etc.).
- Bonsai flowering plants to enjoy the beauty of the flowers ( Prunus Granvia Kyoto , Chaenomeles speciosa , sakura , Satsuki azalea ).
- Bonsai trees to be enjoyed form of leaves ( maple , Zelkova serrata , Rhus succedanea , bamboo ).
Basic shape
- Straight upright (直 Chokkan )
- Perpendicular tree trunk vertically upward. The tree is said to have a rod that is ideal if a tree has a diameter trunk growing upward decreasing, starting from the stem near the roots . The tree is said to have branches that ideal when the limb is in the front-back or left-right intersecting each other. Antardahan increasing distance to the increasingly narrow. Ideal form of the root is a root that when viewed from above, radiating in all directions.
- Winding up straight (模様 Moyogi )
- Upright tree trunks winding to the left and to the right. Getting to the top of the stem diameter decreasing with left and right balance of good. Good limb is a limb that is at the top of the tree trunk flexion. Branch was cut on the inside of the arch. From the base of the stem to the top of the tree can be pulled straight line, and people who see do not feel worried about the balance of the tree.
- Oblique (斜 Shakan )
- The trunk tilted to one side like a blown continuous wind in that direction. As if there are any obstructions on one side, leaning trees grow to the other side. Characteristic of this form in the form of branches that exist only at the peak of the arch rod, and criss-cross on the left-right and front-rear.
- Wind gloves Fukiganashi ) / blown [2]
- Leaning compared bonsai form, trees grow while experiencing a more ruthless coercion. Trunks and branches of trees leaning in one direction only. Trunks and branches of trees are leaning to one side much longer than the height of the tree is measured from the base of the stem to the top of the tree. The position of the stem and branches similar to the bonsai style Dangling Half, but the stems and branches seemed to form parallel lines.
- Hang Kengai )
- Likened to a tree growing on the surface of the wall is steep cliff by the sea or a wall the valley is steep. Growing like a tree trunk hanging down the cliff. The tree tops hanging far exceeding the base of the pot. When the top of the tree does not exceed the basic bonsai pot called Half Hanging (Han Kengai).
- Coiled rod (蟠 Even a )
- Looks very twisted tree trunks, or tree growing tendency to twist yourself. Twisted tree trunk that looks like a snake is coiled.
- Sweep Upright (箒 Hōkidachi )
- Perpendicular to the stem in the middle before the branches and twigs grow spreads in all directions. Difficult to determine the tree tops of a number of existing branches so that the peak shape is similar to bonsai broom of bamboo . The beauty of bonsai style is assessed from a neat branching limb, and the starting point of distribution branches and twigs in all directions, tall trees, and the balance of these elements.
- Highlighting Roots Neagari )
- Maintained in the environment due to tree care cruel, the base root branching in the soil to be exposed to the outside on the ground like a result buffeted by wind and rain .
- Many trunked (多 Takan )
- From the base of the roots grow more upright than one tree. When growing two trees, the bonsai is called Trunked Two (dissimulation). When there are three trees, then called Trunked Three (Sankan). Five or more trunked bonsai called stumps Upright (Kabudachi). Rods numbered odd is preferred. In addition to two trunked bonsai, bonsai with numbered sticks even dislikes and not made.
- Intertwined roots (根 Netsuranari )
- Root of the number of trees of one species (three or more trees) attached to each other and relate to each other. This form can also be derived from a tree trunk that had been upright, but collapsed and buried in the ground . The part that was once a tree branch, changing roles and grow as a tree trunk. Out of the trunk of the tree roots, and the roots are intertwined with the roots of the tree of origin. Form similar to Roots Entwined called rafts or Grown from Stem (Ikadabuki). Growing bonsai shape of stems also from the tree was upright, but collapsed and turned the role into the stem branches. The difference lies in the Roots Entwined root that exists only in one place. As with any bonsai Trunked Many, even unpopular trunked tree.
- Group (寄せ Yoseue )
- More than one tree planted together in a shallow pot or planted in stone. Trees can be planted several trees of one species, or a mix of several different species. Elevated values creativity can work with a mix of decorative items placed as an extra.
- Poets tree (文人 Bunjinki ) / Free [2]
- This forms the origin of bonsai mimic a tree shape in Nanga . Named bonsai tree shape literary writers because the Meiji era was very fond of this form of bonsai. In the current era, thin stem, number of branches a bit, and short branch is also called the Tree of Poets.
- Trees Not Unusual (代わり Kawariki )
- This form is used to refer to bonsai that can not be classified into bonsai shapes are prevalent.
History
Bonsai art miniaturization comes from a plant called penjing (盆景) from the period of the Tang Dynasty . At the tomb of the son of Empress Wu Zetian are murals depicting female waitress who brought flowering tree in a shallow pot. Small shallow pots is a miniaturization of the natural landscape. [3]The nobility in Japan began to recognize penjing late Heian period . Kanji characters for penjing (盆景) pronounced the Japanese as bonkei. Similarly, in China, bonkei in Japan is also the miniaturization of natural scenery. Art is only enjoyed by the upper classes, especially among the courtiers and samurai , and the new so-called bonsai in the Edo period [4]
Bonsai plant is a sideline samurai Edo period, when bonsai popularity peaked. Since the Meiji era , is considered as a hobby bonsai style. However, maintenance and watering bonsai takes a lot of time. In line with the neighborhood in Japan are more modern and do not have a yard, bonsai enthusiasts finally limited to the elderly.
Size
- giants: tree height more than 101 cm.
- very large: tree height between 76-100 cm.
- large: tree height between 46-75 cm
- are: tree height between 31-45 cm
- small: tree height between 16-30 cm
- very small: tree height less than 15 cm. [2]
References
- ^ "盆栽(Bonsai)" . 日本文化いろは事典(Nihon Bunka Iroha Jiten). Retrieved 2009-12-24.
- ^ a b c d Sulistyo, Budi; Drs.Limanto S. Bonsai. Canisius. p. 9-7921-1783-0.
- ^ "壱のツボ盆栽には悠久の時が宿る(Ichi no Tsubo: Bonsai Yukyu no Toki ni wa ga Yadoru)" . NHK. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
- ^ "盆栽の歴史を知ろう(Bonsai no Rekishi o Shirou)" . Garden x Garden. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
External links
- (UK) National Bonsai & Penjing Museum U.S. National Arboretum, Washington, DC
- (UK) Gallery of the various forms of bonsai (The Art of Bonsai Project)
- (UK) a complete history of bonsai (Magical Miniature Landscapes)
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